Surface salinity is lower near the equator. Ocean currents can be caused by wind, density differences in water masses caused by temperature and salinity variations, gravity, and events such as earthquakes or storms. It rises to a maximum of 35 meters in the middle latitudes, then falls. Salinity rises with depth at high latitudes.The density of ocean water continuously increases with decreasing temperature until the water freezes. The two main factors that affect density of ocean water are the temperature of the water and the salinity of the water. Cold and warm currents have an impact on the decrease. The density of ocean water at the sea surface is about 1027 kg/m 3.Salinity varies with depth, although this fluctuation is also influenced by latitudinal differences.We can immediately monitor fluctuations in the water cycle by observing ocean surface salinity: land runoff, sea ice freezing, and melting, and evaporation and precipitation over the oceans.Ocean surface salinity is an important variable for understanding how freshwater input and output affect ocean dynamics since it accounts for 86 percent of world evaporation and 78 percent of global precipitation. Sea Surface TemperatureThe oceans of the world are heated at the surface by the sun, and this heating is uneven for many reasons.Where there is free mixing of water by surface and subsurface currents, the salinity range is small.For example, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf.As there is no mixing of freshwater and continual evaporation in land-locked (enclosed by lands) areas, the salinity is higher.However, due to the considerations indicated in the next paragraph, this does not entail that tropical oceans will have more salinity. ![]() The ocean between 20°N and 30°N latitudes has more salinity than the temperate latitude ocean due to a higher rate of evaporation (because of high temperature).High salinity can be found in the north and south Atlantic, which are locations with strong winds and little rain.The ocean becomes denser as a result of this.This evaporation removes water but, because water vapor leaves salt behind when it rises into the atmosphere, the saltiness of the saltwater grows.There are sections of the ocean where there is little rain yet there is a lot of evaporation due to the warm, dry breezes.Factors affecting the Salinity of Oceanic Waters Factors affecting the Salinity of Oceanic Waters
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